The main purpose of wort clarification is to separate and remove the heat curd and part of the condensate, so as to create conditions for the next step of wort cooling and yeast fermentation. There are a lot of coagulates in wort after boiling. These coagulates are formed due to protein denaturation and continuous oxidation and polymerization of polyphenols during wort boiling. According to the precipitation temperature, they are divided into thermal coagulates and condensed solids.
Thermal solidification is precipitated at higher temperature. In the process of wort boiling, with the denaturation of protein and the continuous oxidation and polymerization of polyphenols, the thermal coagulates gradually precipitated, and some hop resin and other organic compounds were adsorbed. The particle size of hot coagulate is generally 30 ~ 80m, the amount of hot and humid coagulate is 200 ~ 400g / HL (wort), and the water content is about 85%. Generally speaking, the higher the nitrogen content of malt, the more fully dissolved malt, the thicker the wort, and the higher the boiling intensity, the more the thermoset. The results show that the amount of the heat curable product of wort prepared by high-temperature baking malt is relatively low, and the amount of heat curable product formed by boiling saccharification method is significantly lower than that by leaching method.
Before fermentation, the thermosetting substance must be completely removed from wort, because once the thermosetting substance suspended in the fermentation broth is absorbed by yeast cells, the normal fermentation and sedimentation of yeast will be affected. In addition, the thermal coagulant in wort will have adverse effects on beer color, foam performance, bitterness and taste.
There are many methods to separate the thermal coagulates, such as sedimentation tank method, centrifuge method, diatomite filter method, gyratory sedimentation tank method and so on. At present, most breweries use gyratory sedimentation tank to separate the thermal coagulates.
Condensate is a kind of turbid sediment formed in the cooling process of wort, which is a complex mainly composed of protein and polyphenols. Its properties are basically the same as those of cold turbidity produced by beer, and can be dissolved by heating. When the wort temperature dropped to 55-70 ℃, the condensed solids began to precipitate, but most of them were produced when the wort was cooled. The diameter of condensed solids was 0.5-1.0 m, and the content of condensed solids in wort was 150-300 mg / L. There are many factors affecting the precipitation of condensed solids, such as low protein content of malt, coarse grinding degree, high ratio of saccharifying material to water, low wort concentration, less hops and short wort boiling time. Most of the condensed solids should be removed before fermentation. The common methods of separating condensed solids are natural sedimentation and flotation.
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